Effect of Kombucha tea on rat liver histopathological alterations due to thioacetamide

Kombucha [fungal] tea is a sugar sweetened black tea obtained through a fermentation process containing symbiotic culture of acetic acid bacteria and yeasts. This study was done to determine the effect of Kombucha tea on rat liver histopathological alterations due to Thioacetamide [TAA]. In this experimental study, 20 adult male Wistar rats randomly allocated into four groups as follow: 1] control, 2] TAA group, treated with [TAA], [400 mg/kg/bw] for two weeks, 3] treated with [TAA], [400 mg/kg/bw] and then with Kombucha tea [50 mg/kg] and finally 4] preventive, treated with Kombucha tea, [50 mg/kg] and then [TAA], [400 mg/kg] for three weeks. The serum level of aminotransferase [AST], Alanine transaminase [ALT], Alkaline phosphatase [ALP], Lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] and total bilirubin were meseared and liver tissue samples were stained by hematoxilin and eosin. Serum level of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and total bilirubin significantly increased in TAA group compare to control group [P<0.05]. Serum level of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and total bilirubin significantly reduced in treated and protective groups in comparision with TAA group [P<0.05]. Mitosis and apptosis increased in TAA group. These liver histopathological alterations reduced in terated and protective groups. Kombucha tea contains theraputic and protective effects on enzyms and liver histophatological damage due to Thioacetamide in rat

Comparison of histopathologic findings of non-tumoral gastric mucus of patients with gastric cancer and patients with chronic gastritis

Gastric cancer is the second cause of cancer death throughout the world. Identification of precancerous lesions is important for designing preventive measures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between lesions and the cancer. Histological findings of 55 patients with gastric cancer including atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, gastric grade, lymphoid follicles, infiltration of eosinophil and presence of H. pylori were compared with those of the patients with chronic gastritis without any tumor or ulcer. The data was analyzed using Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Odds ratio tests. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with respect to atrophy, infiltration of eosinophil and lymphoid follicle. The frequency of intestinal metaplasia [OR: 19/89], dysplasia [OR: 76/22] and lymphoid follicule [OR: 22/46] in the case and control groups was 47.3% and 10.9% [p<0.001], 14.5% and 1.8% [p<0.01], 81.8% and 32.7% [p<0.001], respectively. The frequency of severe and moderate chronic gastritis in control group was more than that in the case group [p<0.05, OR: 0.93]. There was strong correlation between gastric cancer and dysplasia, intestinal metaplasia and lymphoid follicles. Therefore, the presence of such lesions in the gastric biopsy is alerting and these patients should be checked up regularly

Study of myoepithelial cell markers in pleomorphic adenoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary glands

The application of immunohistochemical method has resulted in marked improvement of the microscopic diagnosis of neoplasms combined with H and E staining. Although unique cellular antigens have not been found in salivary gland neoplasms, multiple less specific immunomarkers have been used and may be helpful in elucidating the role of myoepithelial differentiation in those neoplasms. The aim of this study was to evaluate immunohistochemical myoepithelial markers [GFAP, actin, vimentin, and S100] in mucoepidermoid carcinoma and pleomorphic adenoma of salivary glands for differential diagnosis of these tumors and specification of their histogenesis. Formalin-fixed and parafin embedded tissue sections of 25 pleomorphic adenoma and 25 mucoepidermoid carcinoma were immunohistochemically analyzed for the presence of actin, vimentin, GFAP, and S100 protein. A standard biotin-streptavidin procedure was used after antigen retrieval. Immunoreactivity of myoepithlial cells and chondromyxoid areas in pleomorphic adenoma and mucus cell, epidermoid cells, and intermediate cells in mucoepidermoid carcinoma were evaluated and immunoreactivity was scored on a scale of 0 to +4 [Regezi method] with o as negative, 1+ as scattered staining, 2+ as 25% to 50% of positive tumoral cells, and 4+ as more than 50% positive cells. The data were analyzed with chi-square test, and significance level was considered as 0.05 [P<0.05]. In 25 pleomorphic adenomas, all nonluminal cells and chondromyxoid areas were positive [+4] for GFAP and vimentin and [03+3] for muscle-specific actin [12:0, 12:+1, 1:+3] and [+13+4] for S100 protein [3:+1, 3:+2, 18:+3, 1:+4]. But all mentioned markers were negative for all mucoepidermoid carcinomas, regardless of their grades [P<0.001] and there were no immunohistochemical difference in major and minor salivary glands neoplasms. Expression of myoepithelial cell-associated markers in pleomorphic adenoma have confirmed role of myoepithelial the cells in histogenesis of this tumor and lack or limited expression of these antigens in mucoepidermoid carcinoma, indicate the minimal myoepithelial differentiation in this tumor. Therefore, evaluation of myoepithelial cell markers can be helpful in differential diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasms with myoepithelial cell differentiation, and also specification of histogenesis of these tumors

Evaluation of correlation between human papilloma virus and P53 proteins expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Inactivation of one or more components of the P53 network is a common event in human neoplasia. In head and neck carcinoma, disability of P53, occurs in a high proportion of cases by mutation in the P53 gene. Cause of inactivation, such as the presence of human papilloma virus [HPV] has also been recognized. The aim of this study was to examine co-incidence of human papilloma viruses type 16.18 and P53 alteration in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Of 42 oral tissue specimen [36 oral squmous cell carcinoma and 6 oral verrucous carcinoma] including 25 men and 17 women which were visited in Isfahan University, School of Dentistry in 1369-1383, multiple serial sections from formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissues were prepared. Immunohistochemical detection of P53 protein was carried out by a standard Avidin-Biotin peroxidase procedure. Standard PCR analysis was used for detection of DNA HPV 16 and 18. The data were analyzed with Chi-Square and Fischer Exact tests. General HPV sequence was detected in 21 out 42 [50%] tumor specimens. HPV 16 and 18 sequences were detected in 11 of 42 [26.2%] tumor specimens. Over expression of P53 was observed in 23 of 42 [54.8%] oral cancers. Ten of the 21 HPV Positive tumor specimens showed alterations in P53 protein expression. In spite of no significant correlation between observation of general HPV genome and P53 alteration, a significant correlation between HPV 16 and 18 and P53 alteration existed. In present study, we could not show any significant correlation between general HPV genome and intensity of P53 expression. A remarkable correlation between HPV 16 and 18 and over expression of P53 protein was observed. So, the results of this study remained controversial and we suggest a more precise modified procedure to be performed on this subject. So, frozen technique and more samples would be necessary for further study in future

Primary Kaposi's sarcoma of peris

Kaposi's sarcoma rarely involves penis and is usually accompanied by other cutaneous, mucous or visceral lesions. We report a case of Kaposi's sarcoma of penis. Although Kaposi's sarcoma is known to be associated with an altered immune status, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS] and other causes of immunodeficiency were not found in this case